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They observe.

Repetition and practice.

By watching. I forget what it’s called, maybe procedural memory? It’s where you watch your mom make toast and you can do it by yourself.

They can also recall information stored in their episodic memory to determine what steps they want to take. For instance, if they need to decide to bake or microwave the pizza, they will remember that it didn’t turn out well when they microwaved it.

I think it might also be related to ‘brain-wiring’.
Some people learn some subjects with greater ease than other subjects.
So according to that theory, it can account for why some things come more naturally to people than others.

Also, it might have something to do with the way the subject matter is taught!

Classical and Operant Conditioning–incorporating social conditioning (or socialization).

Different people learn better from different methods. I once heard a person give a talk on that. There are three different main categories of methods of learning. Sorry but I forget what they are called. For example some people learn well just from studying text books. Others learn quicker by actual hands on. Example, Some people can learn a language quickly just from hearing people speak it. If I know the pronunciation rules, I get a better grasp on a new word by seeing it written.

Some of the world’s greatest geniuses were considered stupid in school, but they obviously weren’t. (Einstein) He learned better from his own research than from text books.