science help: The Return of How things work! - Help.com

ben_j_richard
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The Return of How things work!

ok so its been a while since i did one of these posts and probably no one can remember, but anyway.

So let me explain in the past i made posts offering people the chance to ask how things work or anything science or maths related that they didn’t understand and i would do my best to answer it and explain. Im a particle physicist by profession and i love to teach and explain things, many people find themselves scared of what sience is doing nowerdays because the scientists never take the time to explain and put peoples fears at rest. So like i said ask anything form how a CD works to how we think the universe does, ill try my best to answer. Have a good knowledge of most science but physics and maths im better at :).

hopefully it will be as fun as it has been before :).

ask away

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Sir Cody † offline Verified User (1 year, 5 months) Long Term User Shouts: 52 #
An Unknown Location | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (5 hours, 25 minutes after post)

Here is a question. Do you think if given the information needed and supercomputers would it be possible to predict or even control a country’s economy?

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Luck of the Irish offline Verified User (1 year, 5 months) Long Term User Shouts: 30 #
An Undisclosed Location | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (5 hours, 25 minutes after post)

Here is a question,
Seen as Tritrium and Deutrium are poisonous to the human body, does the human body have an enzyme that breaks down tritirum and deutrium?

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Sir Cody † offline Verified User (1 year, 5 months) Long Term User Shouts: 52 #
An Unknown Location | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (5 hours, 29 minutes after post)

In reference to Luck of the Irish: I know that the materials you listed are radioactive and this is not truely applicable, but I think that the herb Cilantro actually is able to rid and cleanse the human body of heavy metals. What do you think, Ben?

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (9 hours, 29 minutes after post)

Sir Cody † wrote:
Here is a question. Do you think if given the information needed and supercomputers would it be possible to predict or even control a country’s economy?

people have been making economic computer modles for many many years. The rpoblem is that there are just too many factors that cant be undercontrol. Even if you could simulate or roughly simulate all parts of econemy you cant simulate the things that happen in life. A war starts and that effects ecconemy, a plane crashes and people loose faith in that company, fashons trends. All these effect the economy and its this random human nature which means it will always be impossible to simulate it fuly. We can however on the brighter side do a very good job of simulating parts of the economy using stocatstic dynamics and some nonlinear differential equations.

A computer controlled economy tho yes we could do this, not sure it would be most effective tho, as once again it would not react well to these uncontrolable factors and putting all your economy in the hands of a computer has some security and other problems.

but thata my two cents :P

hope this helps

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (9 hours, 52 minutes after post)

ok luck and cody ill try and answer these together

first off cody is right, that one is radioactive not neccecarily poisenous, but ill come back to that.

Cilantro as chelating agent hmmm never heard of that. Cilantro is what we call Coriander here, i really dont think that is right. I may be wrong but seems unlikely.

ok heavey metals are usually trated with chelating agents, usually you induce throwing up to remove as much as possible and clear out the stonmach by pumping it. the chelating agent is then given either via IV or orally. it basically is a substance that surrounds the heavy metal particles and therefore stops there absorbtion. these are then cleaned from the blood via the kidneys and passed out in urine. some exaples are calcium disodium edetate, dimercaprol (BAL), and penicillamine.

ok back to thalium and tritium

tritium is a weak beta source with halflife of like 4 days. so would not cause too much damage if ingested in small quantity. and is naturally very rare, so hard to find to swallow. but in quantity could cause problems

deutirum is just heavy water (two protons) its actually also really not very abundant but is stable and is not radioactive not sure of any negative health effects. cirtainly arnt any in the low natural abundace otherwise drinking water would effect you as there is some in it.

hope this helps

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~Shie~ offline Verified User (2 years, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 11 #
Gloversville, NY, US | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (14 hours, 32 minutes after post)

hhhhhhhmmmmmmmmmm…….
i have one for ya!!! and if i remember right.. i actually made a post about it a very long time ago..
as most of my friends know.. i have health issues.. due to health issues, i take plenty of medications.. example.. i take a levothroid because my thyroid is slow working.. i take muscle relaxers due to my muscles being tight in my back.. i take topamax due to my daily migraines… i take lortabs and tramadol for pain due to my back…. plus other medications that i have to take on a daily routine…
NOW.. my question is this…
how does the topamax know to stop my migraines from coming and the levothroid knows to work just for my thyroid? how come the lortabs and tramadol dont go to my migraines but knows to go to my back pain like it does???
hhhmmm?????? lol.. they all get swallowed.. they all go in the same place.. my stomach.. so please explain to me.. thanks..

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (19 hours, 28 minutes after post)

~Shie~ wrote:
hhhhhhhmmmmmmmmmm…….
i have one for ya!!! and if i remember right.. i actually made a post about it a very long time ago..
as most of my friends know.. i have health issues.. due to health issues, i take plenty of medications.. example.. i take a levothroid because my thyroid is slow working.. i take muscle relaxers due to my muscles being tight in my back.. i take topamax due to my daily migraines… i take lortabs and tramadol for pain due to my back…. plus other medications that i have to take on a daily routine…
NOW.. my question is this…
how does the topamax know to stop my migraines from coming and the levothroid knows to work just for my thyroid? how come the lortabs and tramadol dont go to my migraines but knows to go to my back pain like it does???
hhhmmm?????? lol.. they all get swallowed.. they all go in the same place.. my stomach.. so please explain to me.. thanks..

wow ok human biochemistry not my strong suit but never the less heres my answer.

ok so first off the thyroid medication. well thyroid problems like hypothyroidism are because your not producing enough L-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). which are chemicals that travle through the blood and tell cells to increase how much oxygen they use. this is why you can feel tired or depressed without it. lack of oxygen effects the brain and makes you tired. jsut like anemia.

ok so your medication would give you a replacement of this chemical your not getting something like levothyroxine (T4).

So this is targeted all over the body as it moves through your blood. thats how that one works.

ok migraines next. topamax I could go into detail about the many things it does and inhibits but not sure that would be helpful so ill try and keep this simple. I might over simplify but you will get the jist hopefully.

ok so topomax can actually be used for epilepsy and may other things too, it basically acts as an anticonvulsant, it is absorbed and travels through the blood to the brain. where it inhibits some chemical processes and enhances others. The effect of which glossing over all the neurochemistry is its stabilises brain chemistry and inhibits excitatory neurotransmission. so its not really a pain killer in that it dosent stop the pain, It stops the brain missfunction that causes the pain.

the others for your back pain lortabs and tramadol. are both analgesics (pain killers) they act to block the pain receptors and signals reaching your brain. So they pind to nerve endings in spine and brain blocking them off for a short time.

Hope this helps. Its a very simplistic description with a lot of chemistry a few buts and maybes and were not always sure that were glossed over. But it gives you an idea of how they work.

Hope this helps :)

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Sir Cody † offline Verified User (1 year, 5 months) Long Term User Shouts: 52 #
An Unknown Location | 5 months, 2 weeks ago (1 day after post)

ben_j_richard wrote:

Sir Cody † wrote:
Here is a question. Do you think if given the information needed and supercomputers would it be possible to predict or even control a country’s economy?

people have been making economic computer modles for many many years. The rpoblem is that there are just too many factors that cant be undercontrol. Even if you could simulate or roughly simulate all parts of econemy you cant simulate the things that happen in life. A war starts and that effects ecconemy, a plane crashes and people loose faith in that company, fashons trends. All these effect the economy and its this random human nature which means it will always be impossible to simulate it fuly. We can however on the brighter side do a very good job of simulating parts of the economy using stocatstic dynamics and some nonlinear differential equations.

A computer controlled economy tho yes we could do this, not sure it would be most effective tho, as once again it would not react well to these uncontrolable factors and putting all your economy in the hands of a computer has some security and other problems.

but thata my two cents :P

hope this helps

What if you could control those supposedly uncontolable variables? Lets use the plane crash as a given. Would it be too much of a stretch for a company to try to pull a few strings and not let the crash look bad. I suppose how they would do it doesn’t really matter just so long as they play the blame game well enough. If this is a real plausibility then what about the family? That would pose an interesting problem. But, would it prove to be totally uncontrolable? I could be wrong, but I honestly don’t think so. As for wars, those are already controled by those who would benefit from controlling the economy; the action of going to war is a discision mutually made by two or more countries. So far as fashon goes; while there are a few free spirits out there the majority of people are just going to buy what they are told to by those higher up on the socio-economic ladder. Maybe, I am stretching it just a bit, but isn’t that one of the fun parts of physics. Is light truely a constant; will the theories of electro-magnatism and gravity ever be solidly reconciled?

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~Shie~ offline Verified User (2 years, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 11 #
Gloversville, NY, US | 5 months, 1 week ago (1 day, 10 hours after post)

ben_j_richard wrote:

~Shie~ wrote:
hhhhhhhmmmmmmmmmm…….
i have one for ya!!! and if i remember right.. i actually made a post about it a very long time ago..
as most of my friends know.. i have health issues.. due to health issues, i take plenty of medications.. example.. i take a levothroid because my thyroid is slow working.. i take muscle relaxers due to my muscles being tight in my back.. i take topamax due to my daily migraines… i take lortabs and tramadol for pain due to my back…. plus other medications that i have to take on a daily routine…
NOW.. my question is this…
how does the topamax know to stop my migraines from coming and the levothroid knows to work just for my thyroid? how come the lortabs and tramadol dont go to my migraines but knows to go to my back pain like it does???
hhhmmm?????? lol.. they all get swallowed.. they all go in the same place.. my stomach.. so please explain to me.. thanks..

wow ok human biochemistry not my strong suit but never the less heres my answer.

ok so first off the thyroid medication. well thyroid problems like hypothyroidism are because your not producing enough L-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). which are chemicals that travle through the blood and tell cells to increase how much oxygen they use. this is why you can feel tired or depressed without it. lack of oxygen effects the brain and makes you tired. jsut like anemia.

ok so your medication would give you a replacement of this chemical your not getting something like levothyroxine (T4).

So this is targeted all over the body as it moves through your blood. thats how that one works.

ok migraines next. topamax I could go into detail about the many things it does and inhibits but not sure that would be helpful so ill try and keep this simple. I might over simplify but you will get the jist hopefully.

ok so topomax can actually be used for epilepsy and may other things too, it basically acts as an anticonvulsant, it is absorbed and travels through the blood to the brain. where it inhibits some chemical processes and enhances others. The effect of which glossing over all the neurochemistry is its stabilises brain chemistry and inhibits excitatory neurotransmission. so its not really a pain killer in that it dosent stop the pain, It stops the brain missfunction that causes the pain.

the others for your back pain lortabs and tramadol. are both analgesics (pain killers) they act to block the pain receptors and signals reaching your brain. So they pind to nerve endings in spine and brain blocking them off for a short time.

Hope this helps. Its a very simplistic description with a lot of chemistry a few buts and maybes and were not always sure that were glossed over. But it gives you an idea of how they work.

Hope this helps :)

hehehehehehehe yes.. it helps… i just wanted to see if you could answer.. ~giggle~ i tried to trip ya up.. but i see that you are just too smart for me.. lol.. as for “over simplifying” things for me.. hahahahahaha NEVER!!! lmfao.. i like the easy wording when describing things… lmfao.. im at the dr’s atleast 2 or 3 times a week… its nice to hear regular english over that mumbo jumbo crap where i sit and have to keep asking huh? what? and am still dumb founded after walking out the door because they talk that college level talk lmfao… so i like the simple terms… lmfao.. hehehehehhehehhe
as for the meds.. im just thankful that “THEY” know what they are doing… lmfao..
thanks for explaining things for me about the thyroid thing.. i actually never knew that tid bit of information… i just down the pill and do my regular 3 month blood work for it.. lol.. hugs..

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Luck of the Irish offline Verified User (1 year, 5 months) Long Term User Shouts: 30 #
An Undisclosed Location | 5 months, 1 week ago (6 days, 8 hours after post)

Here is a question Ben,
What could cause a computer to recognise a CPU but the wrong one i.e. recognise the CPU as Intel 2 processor T948 (don’t know if it is actually one) where it should be Intel Processor 1 T490, if you get what I am saying

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 5 months, 1 week ago (1 week after post)

Luck of the Irish wrote:
Here is a question Ben,
What could cause a computer to recognise a CPU but the wrong one i.e. recognise the CPU as Intel 2 processor T948 (don’t know if it is actually one) where it should be Intel Processor 1 T490, if you get what I am saying

ok luck i know this has taken me a while to get to, but it very much depends where it sees the wrong cpu info. if its from inside windows you could write a program patch an api or write your own driver to do it. How it would ahve done it by itself, well a virus or corrupted driver. out side of windows in the bios, then it would be bios drivers i guess.

hope this helps

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Spike Spiegel offline Verified User (1 year, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 4 #
An Undisclosed Location | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (2 weeks, 5 days after post)

What is IGE

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (2 weeks, 5 days after post)

Spike Spiegel wrote:
What is IGE

with reference to?

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Spike Spiegel offline Verified User (1 year, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 4 #
An Undisclosed Location | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (2 weeks, 5 days after post)

i will give u a hint (gamma ray)

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (2 weeks, 5 days after post)

Spike Spiegel wrote:
i will give u a hint (gamma ray)

ahhh your gamma ray laser again, well then IGE is “induced gamma emission” did you want me to explain the process?? or just guess what IGE was

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Spike Spiegel offline Verified User (1 year, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 4 #
An Undisclosed Location | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (2 weeks, 5 days after post)

no i dont believe that gamma ray laser is true thing i thing it is a hoxe ~gigle~

ben_j_richard wrote:

Spike Spiegel wrote:
i will give u a hint (gamma ray)

ahhh your gamma ray laser again, well then IGE is “induced gamma emission” did you want me to explain the process?? or just guess what IGE was

and i was seeing if you can guess it but after what you said yes i hop that you try to explain it :))))

and for gamma ray laser i can say it is a fun thing to have this weapon in STAR WARS i hop that you are with me on that

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Spike Spiegel offline Verified User (1 year, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 4 #
An Undisclosed Location | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (2 weeks, 6 days after post)

??? no answer

Spike Spiegel wrote:
no i dont believe that gamma ray laser is true thing i thing it is a hoxe ~gigle~

ben_j_richard wrote:

Spike Spiegel wrote:
i will give u a hint (gamma ray)

ahhh your gamma ray laser again, well then IGE is “induced gamma emission” did you want me to explain the process?? or just guess what IGE was

and i was seeing if you can guess it but after what you said yes i hop that you try to explain it :))))

and for gamma ray laser i can say it is a fun thing to have this weapon in STAR WARS i hop that you are with me on that

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (2 weeks, 6 days after post)

Spike Spiegel wrote:
??? no answer

Spike Spiegel wrote:
no i dont believe that gamma ray laser is true thing i thing it is a hoxe ~gigle~

ben_j_richard wrote:

Spike Spiegel wrote:
i will give u a hint (gamma ray)

ahhh your gamma ray laser again, well then IGE is “induced gamma emission” did you want me to explain the process?? or just guess what IGE was

and i was seeing if you can guess it but after what you said yes i hop that you try to explain it :))))

and for gamma ray laser i can say it is a fun thing to have this weapon in STAR WARS i hop that you are with me on that

sorry ill answer in a bit, got alot to do :)

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Spike Spiegel offline Verified User (1 year, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 4 #
An Undisclosed Location | 4 months, 3 weeks ago (3 weeks after post)

Dont worry ben if u dont know the answer

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Spike Spiegel offline Verified User (1 year, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 4 #
An Undisclosed Location | 4 months, 2 weeks ago (1 month after post)

?

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ben_j_richard offline Verified User (1 year, 11 months) Long Term User Shouts: 39 #
GB | 4 months, 1 week ago (1 month after post)

hi Spike, sorry about taking ages. I have been snowed under with work and other things going on. So my apologies for taking nearly 2 weeks to answer.

ok so IGE is “induced gamma emission”, explanation coming up lol.

ok i dont know if you understand how florescence works, but its easier if you do. Baically excitation of an atoms electron orbitals will cause photons to be produced when they unexcite and fall back down to their original energies. the energy and therefor wavelength of the light depends on the difference in energy.

Now in order to get an energetic enough transition for gamma rays we cant use electron orbitals or vibrational or rotational energy levels. We have to use excited state energy levels of the nucleus itself.

So the neucleus is excited and then wehn it falls back down it creates a photon in the gamma wave length.

very short and waffly description as i dont have loads of time but if you need me to clarify on any part let me know.

Sorry its been so so late.
hope this helps

Ben

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Spike Spiegel offline Verified User (1 year, 2 months) Long Term User Shouts: 4 #
An Undisclosed Location | 4 months, 1 week ago (1 month after post)

thanx ben just hop that you know what i kind of presser i am under

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