Your question about antifreeze. . .
Not every liquid is “antifreeze”. Such liquids can be freeze-resistant but they may not be appropriate in mechanical systems, which need protection from cold.
Basically the ratio of freezing is based upon the specific degree wherein water becomes crystalized into ice - this is a univervsal measurement. As long as a liquid is resistant beyond the freezing point of water, it is freeze resistant.
As mentioned before, not every liquid that is freeze resistant is antifreeze because, once again they are not appropriate to use in mechanical systems that need protection from cold OR mechanical systems which need heat transferred away from the mechanism.
So, what is “antifreeze?” Antifreeze is a glycol-based liquid/fluid used in combination with water. This raises the freeze point of water making it more difficult for the water to freeze at the freeze point. The ratio of the mixture depends on the degree of the mechanism it is interacting with. In one instance, it is used with water and circulated through a system to remove heat from that system. The reason it is used with water is because it suppresses the evaporation point (boiling point) of water, in systems that run hot - like the engine of your car.
However, there are systems which do not run hot, but cannot be allow to operate in an environment of extreme cold - yet they do, because “antifreeze” stabilizes the core temprature. In this case, the fluid is usually heated to a predetermined temprature, suitable to the unit.
This is a basic explanation to help get you started. I’m sure that you may find more enlightening info in your research.
Just remember; freezing happens at 32 degrees, based on mean density, viscosity and specific gravity of water. A simple experiment to determine if a liquid is “freeze-resistant,” is to pour the liquid into a container with a thermometer and put it in the ice-box. If it maintains a fluid state at 33 degress and lower, it is freeze resistant. Differtent freeze resistant liquids will freeze at different tempratures. And don’t forget to research how cold space is - something like -375 degrees in the shadow of space and +375 in direct exposure of the sun.
I hope this helps. Good Luck.